踐行大食物觀,讓食物供給更多元化
初秋時節,在江(jiang)蘇溧(li)陽南山(shan)(shan),滿山(shan)(shan)栗樹已掛起毛茸(rong)茸(rong)的“小刺球”,這(zhe)些收獲的板(ban)栗將成(cheng)為餐(can)桌上的美(mei)味。當地(di)因地(di)制宜開發以板(ban)栗為代表的森林食物,廣(guang)袤山(shan)(shan)林成(cheng)為“綠色糧庫”。在“中國紫菜(cai)(cai)之都”連云港,每天都有(you)紫菜(cai)(cai)經(jing)過加工后運往世界各(ge)地(di),僅柘汪鎮一地(di)的紫菜(cai)(cai)產(chan)業(ye)園,年產(chan)紫菜(cai)(cai)就(jiu)達60億張,年產(chan)值20億元(yuan),帶(dai)動約2000人(ren)就(jiu)業(ye),是名副其實的海上“良田(tian)”。近年來,人(ren)均耕地(di)不足一畝的江(jiang)蘇省打破食物來源傳統(tong)思維,積極樹立和踐行大(da)食物觀,深挖各(ge)地(di)獨特的資源稟賦,向江(jiang)河湖海、山(shan)(shan)林大(da)川要食物,以多元(yuan)化的食物供給充盈大(da)國糧倉、豐富(fu)百姓餐(can)桌。
“洪(hong)范八政,食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為政首(shou)。”糧食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)始(shi)終是關系國(guo)(guo)計民生(sheng)的(de)(de)頭等大(da)事,是維護國(guo)(guo)家安(an)全(quan)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要基石(shi)。樹立(li)并(bing)踐行大(da)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物觀,構建(jian)多元(yuan)化食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物供(gong)給(gei)體系,是保障國(guo)(guo)家糧食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)安(an)全(quan)、建(jian)設(she)農(nong)業強國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要舉(ju)措。近日,國(guo)(guo)務(wu)(wu)院(yuan)常(chang)務(wu)(wu)會(hui)議專門(men)就落實(shi)大(da)食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物觀作出重(zhong)要部署,提出“要夯實(shi)糧食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和(he)重(zhong)要農(nong)產(chan)品供(gong)給(gei)基礎(chu)”“拓展食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物直接和(he)間(jian)接來源,提升食(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)物質(zhi)量(liang)安(an)全(quan)水平”等。
黨(dang)的二十大報告明確(que)提出,樹立大食(shi)物(wu)觀,發展(zhan)設施農業,構(gou)建多元(yuan)化(hua)食(shi)物(wu)供給體系。從數(shu)據來看,我國(guo)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)產(chan)量連續多年穩定在(zai)1.3萬(wan)(wan)億(yi)斤(jin)以上,人均糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)占有量超490公(gong)斤(jin),高于國(guo)際公(gong)認的400公(gong)斤(jin)糧(liang)(liang)食(shi)安全線。2023年,我國(guo)肉類總(zong)產(chan)量9748萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun),奶(nai)類產(chan)量4281萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun),禽蛋產(chan)量3563萬(wan)(wan)噸(dun),我國(guo)居民對(dui)肉蛋奶(nai)的消(xiao)費需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)呈(cheng)現(xian)逐年上升趨勢。隨著人們對(dui)肉蛋奶(nai)、水(shui)產(chan)品(pin)等優質(zhi)蛋白需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)不(bu)斷(duan)增(zeng)加,飼(si)料糧(liang)(liang)需(xu)求(qiu)(qiu)也(ye)在(zai)快速增(zeng)長。這些數(shu)據反映了人們飲食(shi)結構(gou)的變化(hua),也(ye)對(dui)食(shi)物(wu)供給的多樣性提出了更高要求(qiu)(qiu)。
樹立(li)大食(shi)物(wu)觀,正是(shi)順應食(shi)物(wu)消(xiao)(xiao)費結構(gou)變化,滿(man)足人(ren)民群(qun)眾從“吃(chi)得(de)飽(bao)”到“吃(chi)得(de)健康”的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)費升級的(de)必然(ran)之舉。大食(shi)物(wu)觀強調(diao)不再局限(xian)于(yu)傳統的(de)糧食(shi)作物(wu)來解(jie)決(jue)吃(chi)飯問題,而(er)是(shi)要拓展到更(geng)廣義的(de)范疇,包括肉(rou)蛋奶、果菜魚、菌菇(gu)筍等(deng)(deng)。我國除耕地(di)外還有大量的(de)林地(di)、草地(di)和江河(he)湖海(hai)等(deng)(deng)資源,拓展農業生產(chan)空間領(ling)域,開發多(duo)樣食(shi)物(wu)品種,豐富供給途(tu)徑,不僅(jin)能(neng)更(geng)好(hao)滿(man)足人(ren)民群(qun)眾日(ri)益多(duo)元的(de)食(shi)物(wu)消(xiao)(xiao)費需求,還能(neng)進一步夯實糧食(shi)安全根基。
踐行大食物觀,促進(jin)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業產(chan)業結(jie)構優(you)化(hua)升級。一(yi)(yi)方面(mian),應加大對農(nong)(nong)(nong)業科技(ji)創新的投入,提(ti)高農(nong)(nong)(nong)業生(sheng)產(chan)效率和(he)質量(liang)。例如,推廣優(you)良品(pin)(pin)種(zhong)、先進(jin)栽(zai)培技(ji)術和(he)養殖模(mo)式,發(fa)展智慧農(nong)(nong)(nong)業、精(jing)準(zhun)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業,提(ti)高土地產(chan)出率、資源(yuan)利(li)用率和(he)勞(lao)動生(sheng)產(chan)率。另(ling)一(yi)(yi)方面(mian),應積極發(fa)展特(te)色農(nong)(nong)(nong)業、生(sheng)態(tai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)業、休閑農(nong)(nong)(nong)業等新型農(nong)(nong)(nong)業業態(tai),促進(jin)一(yi)(yi)、二、三產(chan)業融合發(fa)展。以特(te)色農(nong)(nong)(nong)業為(wei)例,各(ge)地可充分發(fa)揮自身(shen)資源(yuan)稟(bing)賦優(you)勢,順應市場需求(qiu),因地制宜打造具(ju)有地方特(te)色的農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)。以贛南臍(qi)橙、五常(chang)大米、陽澄(cheng)湖大閘蟹等為(wei)代表的特(te)色農(nong)(nong)(nong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)不僅豐富了人們(men)的餐桌,也提(ti)升了食物供給潛(qian)力。
踐(jian)(jian)行大食(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)觀,推動(dong)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)高效利用和可持(chi)續發(fa)展(zhan)。在(zai)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)環境約束日益緊張的(de)背景(jing)下,踐(jian)(jian)行大食(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)觀有(you)助于(yu)在(zai)保障糧(liang)食(shi)(shi)(shi)安全(quan)(quan)的(de)基礎(chu)上實(shi)現(xian)(xian)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)的(de)高效利用和可持(chi)續發(fa)展(zhan)。開發(fa)利用海(hai)洋(yang)、森(sen)林、草(cao)原(yuan)等非耕(geng)地(di)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan),能夠減(jian)少對(dui)耕(geng)地(di)的(de)壓力。發(fa)展(zhan)生(sheng)態友好型(xing)農(nong)業(ye),有(you)利于(yu)減(jian)少農(nong)業(ye)面(mian)源(yuan)污染。通過(guo)推廣(guang)綠(lv)色(se)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)技術,減(jian)少化(hua)(hua)肥、農(nong)藥的(de)使用量(liang),加(jia)強(qiang)農(nong)業(ye)廢(fei)棄物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)的(de)資(zi)(zi)源(yuan)化(hua)(hua)利用,發(fa)展(zhan)節水農(nong)業(ye),將推動(dong)農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)實(shi)現(xian)(xian)綠(lv)色(se)化(hua)(hua)、低碳化(hua)(hua)。各地(di)應強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)科技裝備支撐(cheng),發(fa)揮科技對(dui)農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)現(xian)(xian)代化(hua)(hua)的(de)撬動(dong)作用,加(jia)快(kuai)突破相關核心(xin)技術,提高農(nong)業(ye)生(sheng)產(chan)(chan)(chan)效率,挖掘食(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)供給潛力。此外,踐(jian)(jian)行大食(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)觀要求建立健(jian)全(quan)(quan)食(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)安全(quan)(quan)監(jian)管體系,確保食(shi)(shi)(shi)物(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)質量(liang)安全(quan)(quan)。加(jia)強(qiang)對(dui)農(nong)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品從田間(jian)到餐桌的(de)全(quan)(quan)過(guo)程監(jian)管,嚴(yan)厲打擊(ji)食(shi)(shi)(shi)品安全(quan)(quan)違法犯罪行為(wei),讓人(ren)們吃得(de)安心(xin)、吃得(de)健(jian)康(kang)。
踐行大食物(wu)觀,離不開全(quan)社會的共同(tong)參與(yu)和(he)努力。保障糧食安(an)全(quan),是一項系統工(gong)程,離不開多方的參與(yu)和(he)支持(chi)。充分發(fa)(fa)揮(hui)政府(fu)引導(dao)作用,完善頂(ding)層設計、強化政策支持(chi),加強對(dui)農業科技創新、基礎設施建設、生(sheng)態環境保護(hu)等的投入與(yu)保障;積極培(pei)育新型農業經營主體,激活市場力量,更好滿(man)足人(ren)民群眾多元食物(wu)消費需(xu)求。同(tong)時(shi),引導(dao)消費者形成(cheng)健康消費理念,在(zai)日常(chang)生(sheng)活中更加注重(zhong)食物(wu)多樣化和(he)營養均衡,養成(cheng)節約食物(wu)的好習慣,為生(sheng)態農業和(he)可持(chi)續發(fa)(fa)展提供助力。
(作(zuo)者:唐(tang)薇,系(xi)四(si)川(chuan)農業大(da)學(xue)法學(xue)院副教授)
來源(yuan):中食協官網(wang)、光明日報